6.5 - Networking Devices

There are several types of networking devices. These include LANs, MANs, and WANs that  provide intercommunication among computers and their networks. These different networking devices vary based on their capabilities and intelligence

• Repeaters
• These provide the most basic type of connectivity, by only repeating electrical signals between cable segments which enables it to extend a network at the physical layer. Additionally, repeaters are add-on devices that extend network connection over further distances. The device amplifies signals.
• Bridges
• Bridges are LAN devices that connect LAN segments at the data link layer. Repeaters forward all signals received. A bridge divides overburdened networks into smaller segments. This ensures efficient use of bandwidth and traffic control. Like a repeater, it then amplifies the electrical signal; however, it is more intelligent than a repeater and enables the administrator to filter frames for further control.
• Routers
• Routers operate at the network layer, they are devices that connect similar or different networks. They are devices with two or more interfaces and a routing table to receive and transmit packets to their destinations. Additionally, routers filter traffic based on access control lists (ACLs), and it fragments packets when necessary.
• Switches
• Switches combine the functions of repeaters and bridges. A switch amplifies electrical signals, like a repeater, and has the built-in circuitry and intelligence of a bridge.